@InProceedings{Nolasco:2018:ExScFr,
               author = "Nolasco, Camille Lanzarotti",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Towards adaptation of food systems to meet nutritional 
                         recommendations: exploring scenarios of fresh vegetable demand and 
                         production in Brazil",
                 year = "2018",
         organization = "Adaptation Futures: International Climate Change Adaptation 
                         Conference, 5.",
             abstract = "Despite the production of enough food to feed all the people in 
                         the planet, every day 815 million people go hungry accordingly to 
                         The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organizations (FAO) 2017 report on 
                         the State of Food Security and Nutrition (SOFI). Feed the world 
                         with nutritious food with the lower impact on environments and 
                         ecosystems functions is the most important challenge of nowadays 
                         and linked with almost all the the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable 
                         Development. The World Health Organization recommends a daily 
                         consumption of 400 g of fruits and vegetables, an amount consumed 
                         in 2009 by only 18.9% of the Brazilian population. In 2014 
                         Brazilīs Government launched a new Dietary Guidelines for the 
                         Brazilian Population which encourage the consumption of raw 
                         vegetable, however little is known and mapped about fresh 
                         vegetable accessibility regarding the regional links between 
                         demand and production. Key issues in this sector must be tackled 
                         by government and civil society, not only to foster consumers 
                         appetite for healthier food, but more importantly, to diminish the 
                         gaps between local demand and production, fostering adaptations 
                         towards a sustainable food system. In this sense, this study aimed 
                         to developed vegetable demand scenarios in Brazil for 2008 and 
                         2030, based on demand density maps built at the district level (> 
                         300,000 units) using production census surveys, household 
                         acquisition data, and population growth estimates. We calculate 
                         and spatialize the demand for vegetables in each census tract 
                         creating detailed scenarios that could allow further investigation 
                         on the connections between demand, regional/local production, and 
                         their drivers. These maps are useful in the space-time 
                         understanding of the demand for food distribution from 
                         horticulture, and relevant both when considering the continental 
                         dimensions of Brazil and its immense spatial heterogeneity in 
                         relation to human and environmental dimensions, and the consequent 
                         need for public policies adapted to the different regions 
                         respecting their potential, customs and different vulnerabilities. 
                         The results revealed an imbalance in vegetable consumption between 
                         the southern and central northern regions of Brazil that follows 
                         food insecurity regional indicators. Even in more urbanized 
                         regions and metropolitan areas, where the best balance between 
                         vegetable production and acquisition is found, simulated demand is 
                         far from WHO recommendations. The National Plan for Food and 
                         Nutrition Security aimed to promote food and nutritional security 
                         with integrated actions to strengthen food production, including 
                         stimuli for small crop farming, alternative food supply channels, 
                         and the promotion of healthy/adequate food consumption. 
                         Nevertheless, food and nutritional security depends on a variety 
                         of public and private institutions, largely profit-prioritizing 
                         transnational corporations such as retail food chains and 
                         agrochemical industries, which promotes unequal access to fresh 
                         food. The failure to meet the National Plan reflects an 
                         institutional inability to apply efficient governance to the 
                         economic, ecological, and social dimensions of the problem at 
                         different spatial scales. The search for alternatives that 
                         consider all these dimensions across spatial scales has motivated 
                         this work, as understanding national demands for more nutritious 
                         and culturally accepted food is a first step to adapt food systems 
                         in the face of socioenvironmental changes. This work was the 
                         foundation to the Delivering Food Security on Limited Land (DEVIL) 
                         project in Brazil supported by Belmont Forum consortium.",
  conference-location = "Cape Town, South Africa",
      conference-year = "18-21 June",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}